Biohack Brief

Sources behind the checker

The Supplement Stack Checker uses open, cited rules: 84 supplements and nutrients, 13 combination products and 33 general-information notes (rules version 0.4.0-preview). Download them as rules.json. Below is every source we cite (114 in total), checked on 15 Oct 2026.

NHMRC Nutrient Reference Values (Australia/NZ) (20)

  1. Calcium: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Calcium
  2. Copper: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Copper
  3. Iodine: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Iodine
  4. Iron: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Iron
  5. Magnesium: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Magnesium
  6. Niacin: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Niacin (B3)
  7. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand: Biotin (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Biotin
  8. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand: Choline (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Choline
  9. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand: Chromium (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Chromium
  10. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand: Folate (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Folate / folic acid
  11. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand: Manganese (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Manganese
  12. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand: Potassium (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Potassium
  13. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand: Vitamin B12 (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Vitamin B12
  14. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand: Vitamin C (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Vitamin C
  15. Selenium: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Selenium
  16. Vitamin A: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Vitamin A (preformed)
  17. Vitamin B6: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Vitamin B6
  18. Vitamin D: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Vitamin D
  19. Vitamin E: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Vitamin E
  20. Zinc: Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, Eat For Health)
    Used for: Zinc

Australian legislation (TGA Poisons Standard) (1)

  1. Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—October 2026) Instrument 2026, F2026L01327 (Federal Register of Legislation)
    Used for: DHEA (prasterone)

NIH Office of Dietary Supplements (28)

  1. Ashwagandha: Is it helpful for stress, anxiety, or sleep? – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
  2. Biotin – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Biotin
  3. Boron – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Boron
  4. Calcium – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Calcium
  5. Carnitine – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Carnitine
  6. Choline – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Choline
  7. Chromium – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Chromium
  8. Copper – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Copper, Zinc
  9. Dietary Supplements for Exercise and Athletic Performance – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Beetroot / nitrate, Beta-alanine, Caffeine, Citrulline, Creatine, DHEA (prasterone), HMB, Quercetin
  10. Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
  11. Folate – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Folate / folic acid
  12. Iodine – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Iodine
  13. Iron – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Iron
  14. Magnesium – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Magnesium
  15. Manganese – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Manganese
  16. Niacin – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Niacin (B3)
  17. Omega-3 Fatty Acids – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Omega-3 (fish oil)
  18. Potassium – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Potassium
  19. Probiotics – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
  20. Selenium – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Selenium
  21. Vitamin A – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Vitamin A (preformed)
  22. Vitamin B12 – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Vitamin B12
  23. Vitamin B6 – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Vitamin B6
  24. Vitamin C – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Vitamin C
  25. Vitamin D – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Vitamin D
  26. Vitamin E – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Vitamin E
  27. Vitamin K – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Vitamin K
  28. Zinc – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (NIH ODS)
    Used for: Zinc

NIH NCCIH (31)

  1. Ashwagandha (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Ashwagandha
  2. Asian Ginseng (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Ginseng (Asian/Korean)
  3. Berberine and Weight Loss: What You Need To Know (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Berberine
  4. Black Cohosh (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Black cohosh
  5. Chamomile (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Chamomile
  6. Cinnamon (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Cinnamon (supplement)
  7. Coenzyme Q10 (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
  8. Cranberry (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Cranberry
  9. Echinacea (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Echinacea
  10. Elderberry (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Elderberry
  11. Evening Primrose Oil (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Evening primrose oil
  12. Fenugreek (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Fenugreek
  13. Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Flaxseed / flaxseed oil
  14. Garlic (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Garlic (supplement)
  15. Ginger (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Ginger (supplement)
  16. Ginkgo (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Ginkgo
  17. Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Glucosamine / chondroitin
  18. Green Tea (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Green tea extract
  19. Kava (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Kava
  20. Licorice Root (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Licorice root
  21. Melatonin: What You Need To Know (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Melatonin
  22. Milk Thistle (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Milk thistle
  23. NIH NCCIH: Omega-3 Supplements: What You Need To Know
  24. Passionflower (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Passionflower
  25. Probiotics: What You Need To Know (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Probiotics
  26. Red Yeast Rice (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Red yeast rice
  27. Rhodiola (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Rhodiola
  28. Saw Palmetto (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Saw palmetto
  29. St. John's Wort (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: St John's wort
  30. Turmeric (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Turmeric / curcumin
  31. Valerian (NIH NCCIH)
    Used for: Valerian

healthdirect Australia (5)

  1. Vitamins and minerals (healthdirect Australia)
  2. healthdirect: Magnesium
  3. healthdirect: Melatonin
  4. healthdirect: Vitamin D
  5. healthdirect: Zinc

PubMed (systematic reviews and trials) (27)

  1. Alegre GFS et al. NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health (Curr Nutr Rep, 2023; PubMed 37273100)
    Used for: Nicotinamide riboside (NR)
  2. Bulman A et al. The effects of L-theanine consumption on sleep outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Sleep Med Rev, 2025; PubMed 40056718)
    Used for: L-theanine
  3. Chen F et al. Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials (Curr Diab Rep, 2024; PubMed 39531138)
    Used for: NMN
  4. Deepmala et al. Clinical trials of N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry and neurology: A systematic review (Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2015; PubMed 25957927)
    Used for: N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
  5. Feng L et al. Effects of lutein supplementation in age-related macular degeneration (PLoS One, 2019; PubMed 31887124)
    Used for: Lutein
  6. Fitz V et al. Inositol for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Inform the 2023 Update of the International Evidence-based PCOS Guidelines (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2024; PubMed 38163998)
    Used for: Inositol
  7. Hadi A et al. The effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (BMC Complement Med Ther, 2021; PubMed 34187442)
    Used for: Apple cider vinegar
  8. Hepsomali P et al. Effects of Oral Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Administration on Stress and Sleep in Humans: A Systematic Review (Front Neurosci, 2020; PubMed 33041752)
    Used for: GABA
  9. Hsieh RY et al. Effects of Oral Alpha-Lipoic Acid Treatment on Diabetic Polyneuropathy: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review (Nutrients, 2023; PubMed 37630823)
    Used for: Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)
  10. Huerta Ojeda Á et al. Effects of Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) on Physical Performance in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Nutrients, 2024; PubMed 39796542)
    Used for: Maca
  11. Inchingolo AD et al. Effects of Resveratrol, Curcumin and Quercetin Supplementation on Bone Metabolism-A Systematic Review (Nutrients, 2022; PubMed 36079777)
    Used for: Resveratrol
  12. Jafari A et al. Does Nigella sativa supplementation improve cardiovascular disease risk factors? A comprehensive GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 82 randomized controlled trials (Pharmacol Res, 2025; PubMed 40714301)
    Used for: Black seed (Nigella sativa)
  13. Javelle F et al. Effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on distinct types of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Nutr Rev, 2020; PubMed 31504850)
    Used for: 5-HTP
  14. Jovanovski E et al. Effect of psyllium (Plantago ovata) fiber on LDL cholesterol and alternative lipid targets, non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Am J Clin Nutr, 2018; PubMed 30239559)
    Used for: Psyllium
  15. Kreider RB et al. ISSN position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation (J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2017; PubMed 28615996)
  16. Li Z et al. Berberine and health outcomes: An umbrella review (Phytother Res, 2023; PubMed 36999891)
  17. Mori K et al. Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial (Phytother Res, 2009; PubMed 18844328)
    Used for: Lion's mane
  18. Prokopidis K et al. NMN and NR on skeletal muscle mass and function: systematic review and meta-analysis (J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2025; PubMed 40275690)
  19. Soh J et al. The effect of glycine administration on the characteristics of physiological systems in human adults: A systematic review (Geroscience, 2024; PubMed 37851316)
    Used for: Glycine
  20. Tzang CC et al. Insights into the cardiovascular benefits of taurine: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Nutr J, 2024; PubMed 39148075)
    Used for: Taurine
  21. Vasconcelos QDJS et al. Whey protein supplementation and its potentially adverse effects on health: a systematic review (Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2021; PubMed 32702243)
    Used for: Whey protein
  22. Yan T et al. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ): Its impact on human health and potential benefits: PQQ: Human health impacts and benefits (Curr Res Food Sci, 2024; PubMed 39513102)
    Used for: PQQ
  23. Yang W et al. Safety and metabolism-related outcomes of oral NMN in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis (Nutrients, 2026; PubMed 42514320)
  24. Zeng L et al. Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial (Front Immunol, 2022; PubMed 35935936)
  25. Zhou X et al. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Astaxanthin on Human Skin Ageing (Nutrients, 2021; PubMed 34578794)
    Used for: Astaxanthin
  26. Zou D et al. A comprehensive review of spermidine: Safety, health effects, absorption and metabolism, food materials evaluation, physical and chemical processing, and bioprocessing (Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2022; PubMed 35478379)
    Used for: Spermidine
  27. de Miranda RB et al. Effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on skin aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Int J Dermatol, 2021; PubMed 33742704)
    Used for: Collagen

Other (2)

  1. Cochrane: Omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CD003177)
  2. TGA: Regulation of melatonin products in Australia (news article, 26 Sep 2025; archived copy)

Supplements in the database

5-HTP, Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), Apple cider vinegar, Ashwagandha, Astaxanthin, Beetroot / nitrate, Berberine, Beta-alanine, Biotin, Black cohosh, Black seed (Nigella sativa), Boron, Caffeine, Calcium, Carnitine, Chamomile, Choline, Chromium, Cinnamon (supplement), Citrulline, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), Collagen, Copper, Cranberry, Creatine, DHEA (prasterone), Echinacea, Elderberry, Evening primrose oil, Fenugreek, Flaxseed / flaxseed oil, Folate / folic acid, GABA, Garlic (supplement), Ginger (supplement), Ginkgo, Ginseng (Asian/Korean), Glucosamine / chondroitin, Glycine, Green tea extract, HMB, Inositol, Iodine, Iron, Kava, L-theanine, Licorice root, Lion's mane, Lutein, Maca, Magnesium, Manganese, Melatonin, Milk thistle, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Niacin (B3), Nicotinamide riboside (NR), NMN, Omega-3 (fish oil), Passionflower, Potassium, PQQ, Probiotics, Psyllium, Quercetin, Red yeast rice, Resveratrol, Rhodiola, Saw palmetto, Selenium, Spermidine, St John's wort, Taurine, Turmeric / curcumin, Valerian, Vitamin A (preformed), Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Whey protein, Zinc.

Anything else you enter is shown as "not in our database".